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- <text id=90TT1365>
- <title>
- May 28, 1990: No Longer Willing To Be Invisible
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- May 28, 1990 Emergency!
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 36
- JAPAN
- No Longer Willing To Be Invisible
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Yuko Toyoda thought she was Japanese. After all, she spoke
- Japanese and looked like her other elementary school friends.
- But shortly before she entered the third grade, her parents
- told her that her real name was Kang Woo Ja and she was
- actually Korean. Woo Ja, surprised but not dismayed, announced
- her true identity to her classmates, and some of them promptly
- taunted her. It was her first encounter with Japan's lingering
- prejudice against Koreans, but it was not likely to be her
- last.
- </p>
- <p> Roughly 677,000 Koreans live in Japan, the country's largest
- foreign contingent but still less than 1% of the country's 123
- million people. Most are descendants of Korean laborers who
- came to the islands when Japan's 1910-1945 colonization of the
- peninsula took away their jobs and land. More than four decades
- later, there is little discernible difference between the two
- peoples, but Koreans still face discrimination. Those who
- retain their Korean citizenship are ineligible for most civil
- service jobs, such as public school teaching, and they cannot
- vote.
- </p>
- <p> Far more pervasive are the subtle social prejudices that
- lead employers to refuse them jobs and Japanese parents to
- oppose mixed marriages. Behind the society's refusal to embrace
- this small minority are ignorance, a superiority complex toward
- Koreans rooted in the colonial era, and Japan's obsession with
- conformity.
- </p>
- <p> To live comfortably, most Koreans use Japanese aliases and
- hide their origins. But many are beginning to resent such
- subterfuges. "We're just like Japanese, so how are we supposed
- to change?" asks Ha Jung Nam, deputy director of a Korean
- residents association in Japan. President Roh Tae Woo's
- scheduled visit to Japan this week ignited simmering anger in
- Seoul against the treatment of Korean nationals, and he was
- under pressure to cancel the trip unless the long-standing
- grievances were resolved.
- </p>
- <p> During Japan's occupation of the peninsula, the ruling
- government naturalized all Koreans, forcing them to speak
- Japanese and take Japanese names. In 1965 Japan gave Koreans
- claiming allegiance to Seoul and their children a special
- permanent-resident status. The government later extended a
- similar status to Koreans loyal to Pyongyang. But most banks
- refused loans to these permanent visitors, and companies were
- reluctant to hire them. The government did not extend full
- social-welfare benefits to Koreans until the 1980s.
- </p>
- <p> The status agreements left the position of third-generation
- Koreans in limbo. Seoul now demands that future generations be
- exempt from most restrictions applied to foreign citizens, such
- as one requiring them to carry identification cards bearing a
- fingerprint. Three weeks before Roh's visit, the government
- finally agreed to do away with the fingerprinting. But Japan
- says it cannot exempt the Koreans from all restrictions,
- pointing out that other countries draw a line between resident
- foreigners and their own nationals.
- </p>
- <p> Korean residents can apply for Japanese citizenship but
- often do not, charging that the subtle prejudices against them
- do not disappear. "Every day I face invisible barriers," says
- Hong Dae Pyo, a language-school director who contends that he
- was fired from a salesman's position when his employer
- discovered he was Korean. "If Japan accepted me as Hong Dae
- Pyo, I would naturalize tomorrow."
- </p>
- <p> In fact, discrimination is declining, but a reluctance to
- deal with Koreans persists. Earlier this month, an agricultural
- credit cooperative in Kawasaki, outside Tokyo, apologized in
- a national newspaper for refusing a job application from a
- Korean. When a couple house hunting in Osaka acknowledged that
- they were Korean, all the 24 real estate agents they visited
- told them they would face discrimination: sure enough, at half
- the rentals they looked into, their application was rejected.
- </p>
- <p> Japan, however, can no longer afford to be complacent as it
- moves onto the global stage. South Korea's confidence is also
- growing, and it is no longer hesitant about expressing its
- impatience over an issue that should have been resolved long
- ago.
- </p>
- <p>By Kumiko Makihara/Tokyo. With reporting by K.C. Hwang/Seoul.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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